R2 limits inrush current.
Transformerless 12v dc power supply circuit.
Before designing a transformerless power supply some facts about ac dropping through a capacitor or resistor are to be considered.
Low voltage dc like 5v 6v 9v 12v is used in electronics circuits led bulbs toys and many household electronics items generally batteries are used to power them but they need to be replaced time to time which is not cost effective and also takes our time energy.
D1 d4 rectifies ac to dc and c2 removes ripples.
R1 is the bleeder to remove stored current in ac when power is off.
If a circuit requires very low current of a few milliamperes transformerless power supply is an ideal solution.
The main component of a transformerless power supply circuit is a voltage dropping capacitor or x rated capacitor which is specially designed for ac lines.
This is a transformerless power supply for low current applications.
A zener can be used in the output to get regulated dc.
Generating low voltage dc from the 220v or 110v ac mains is very useful and necessary in the field of electronics.
Please i am having this issues with transformerless power supply.
Resistive type power supply on the other hand dissipates more heat so the power loss is quite high.
A transformerless power supply basically translates a high voltage ac into a desirable dc voltage without the use of a transformer.